Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Assignment 2 –
Virtual Soils Field Trip (Step 1)
Letchworth Woods UB Campus • Images from 2019 Field Trip • Paper: County Soil Survey
• Digital: NRCS Web Soil Survey • USDA – Pedon Description • Parent Material, Land Use History and other Soil Forming Factors
Alternative Location – dig your own soil pit (do not trespass on a private property):
• Other soil field testsMap of the Niagara Peninsula and western New York area showing the extent of former Lake Tonawanda. Notice the spillways northwards over the Niagara Escarpment, isostatic tilting eventually concentrated outflow at the Niagara Gorge before 11,500 yr BP. Lake Tonawanda was confluent with lake Erie until about 3000 yr BP .
Geo 352: Introduction to Soil Science – Understanding Environmental Issues (Step 2)
Assignment 2 – Virtual Field Trip
(please watch the synchronous recorded power point presentation on UBlearns)
In this virtual lab assignment, you will use what you learned in the previous assignment using NRCS Web Soil Survey (WSS) in addition to some very simple field tests. The following steps illustrate how you would go about an accessible site to you (or together with another classmate) to be used as a soil survey site. As example the steps for a location we have used in the past on campus is used.
Planning for the survey of two soil profiles (at least O and A horizons) around the Ellicott Complex
In using the NRCS WSS you should plan your trip ahead. Here, we zoom into the area east of the UB Ellicott Complex. You will need to define and map the two soil profiles within this new area of interest and create two soil reports to identify the soil textures the same way you did in the prior assignment. After describing the digital information from the WSS site two neighboring soil surveys sites (choose two sites in two neighboring soil mapping units), you then discuss the differences between the two soil survey sites.
Figures 1 – 4 will help guide you to the proper location. Your map may not exactly match the one presented in Figure 15; this will not affect your results.Figure 1
1.Figure 2
Figure 3
Once we have zoomed in to the region we are interested in, we need to define our AOI. Click on the Rectangle AOI icon . Now click and drag a rectangle over the Ellicott Complex. Release the mouse button and an AOI rectangle will appear (see Figure 4).Figure 4
virtual fieldtrip to the border of the Letchworth Woods (lower side of the red box).
2.
3.
Continue from this point on following the same progress as in steps 6 through 10 of your first assignment to create the soils report and information about the various soil textures. Keep in mind that the post glacial till parent material for the soils in the Area around the UB North Campus include also lake and near-shore sediment deposits along the Southern shallow coastline of the former Lake Tonawanda (Figure 5).Figure 5
Instructions
Materials for all undergraduate and graduate students:
2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 0 – PowerPoint Presentation 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 1 – Letchworth Woods – Instructions 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 2 – Letchworth Woods – digital soil map.pdf 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 3 – Letchworth Woods – paper soil survey.pdf 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 4 – Test Physical Soil Characteristics.pdf 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 5 – USDA-ARS – Pedon Description.pdf Soil Texture Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOyaBxj767s
What to hand in for this assignment?
Fill in the two Soils Pedon Description Sheets for both soil survey sites (fill
in information as good as you can, but do not spend an exhaustive time in filling these in; however, mark in the sheet boxes with n/a if not available so that I can see you are aware what information is needed; provide the
depth and information for at least two horizons (separate O as Oa/Oe,/Oi and then the A horizons)
Then write up in your own words, a two page report about the site: Page 1: Describe the properties for these three tests described in document 4 (Test Physical Soil Characteristics): soil stability, soil texture, dry strength for each of the mineral horizons in your profile. Page 2: Discuss and compare the two soil profiles in respect to the properties effect on soil processes (.e.g. water flow) and appropriate land uses/cover (soil process portion).
Submit answers via the Assignment Lab 1 in UBLearns within one week.
IMPORTANT: Please include your name on your submission. All answers gathered from the soil reports must be recorded on your submission in table formats similar to the ones presented in this lab.
DO NOT just simply submit screen shots of the generated reports or any downloaded files.
EXTRA POINTS: There are up to 4 extra points for either B horizon soil surveys or one additional soil survey site.
These two additional documents are for graduate students to supplement their entries into the Pedon Description and at least add another two sample locations (2 additional soil survey points are due by
end of the semester as part of the graduate requirement for the course): 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 6 – NRCS Field Book nrcs142p2_052523.pdf 2020 Virtual Fieldtrip – 7 – Soil Quality Test Kit nrcs142p2_050956.pdf
Depth to Water Table—Erie County, New York (Step 3)
43. 0’ 35”
44. 0’ 26”
45. 0′ 35″43’ 0’ 2G”
yiQA Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey
10/6/2010
Depth to Water Table-Erie County, New York
MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Units
Soil Ratings
• 25
• 50
• 100
• 150
I I 150-200
Q >200
Political Features
O Cities
Water Features
Oceans
Streams and Canals
Transportation
+-+-+• Rails
Interstate Highways
zv US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
MAP INFORMATION
Map Scale: 1:1,960 if printed on A size (8.5″ x 11 “) sheet.
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,840.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for accurate map measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17N NAD83
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area Erie County, New York Survey Area Data: Version 10, Feb 8, 2010
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: 8/5/2006
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey
National Cooperative Soil Survey
10/6/2010
Depth to Water Table-Erie County, New YorkDepth to Water Table
Depth to Water Table— Summary by Map Unit — Erie County, New York
Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating (centimeters) Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
Ch Cheektowaga fine sandy loam 7 6.7 47.4%
CrA Claverack loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 54 2.0 14.2%
Cv Cosad loamy fine sand 31 5.4 38.4%
Totals for Area of Interest 14.2 100.0%
Description
“Water table” refers to a saturated zone in the soil. It occurs during specified months. Estimates of the upper limit are based mainly on observations of the water table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely grayish colors (redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a month is not considered a water table.
This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A “representative” value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used.
Rating Options
Units of Measure: centimeters
Aggregation Method: Dominant Component
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie-break Rule: Lower
Interpret Nulls as Zero: No
Beginning Month: January
Ending Month: December
USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey
10/6/2010United States
Department of
Agriculture
Soil
Conservation
Service
In Cooperation with the Cornell University
Agricultural
Experiment Station
Soil Survey of Erie County, New York (Step 4)Erie County, New York
41
till plain. Areas of this soil are elongated and have smooth, convex slopes 100 to 200 feet long. They range from 3 to 30 acres, but areas of 5 to 15 acres are most common.
Typically, this soil has a surface layer of dark brown silt loam about 9 inches thick, underlain by a subsurface layer of pinkish gray silt loam about 2 inches thick. The subsoil is about 21 inches thick. It is reddish brown silty clay loam that is friable in the upper part and firm in the lower part. The substratum is reddish brown gravelly silty clay loam to a depth of 60 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of the Ovid, Churchville, and Honeoye soils. The somewhat poorly drained Ovid soils are in a few low areas and along some drainageways. The Churchville soils formed in deposits of shallow, clayey, lake sediment. The well drained Honeoye soils contain less clay than this Cazenovia soil and are sometimes on the highest parts of the landscape. Also included are small areas of sandy deposits underlain by glacial till. These areas are identified by a sand spot symbol on the soil map. Areas of included soils range from 1/4 acre to 3 acres.
In the spring and during other wet periods, a perched seasonal high water table is in the lower part of the subsoil of this Cazenovia soil.
Permeability is moderately slow in the subsoil and slow in the substratum. The available water capacity is moderate to high, and runoff is medium to rapid.
Bedrock is at a depth of more than 5 feet. Reaction ranges from medium acid to neutral in the surface layer and from medium acid to mildly alkaline in the subsoil.
This soil is moderately suited to farming but has limitations for most urban and recreational uses. Many areas are used as pasture and hayland, some are cultivated or in residential development, and a few are idle or wooded.
This Cazenovia soil is moderately suited to cultivated crops, but erosion is a serious hazard, especially where it is intensively cultivated. Temporary wetness of the soil in the spring can delay early tillage and planting. If the soil is tilled when it is too wet, it can puddle and then crust or become cloddy. Keeping tillage to a minimum, stripcropping, tilling on the contour, including sod crops in the cropping system, and using cover crops minimize the erosion hazard and help maintain good tilth.
This soil is well suited to hay and pasture. Many areas are better suited to these crops than to row crops.
Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is wet are major concerns of pasture management. Rotational grazing and restricted grazing during wet periods help maintain high quality pasture.
The potential of this soil for wood crops is good. Seedling mortality is generally not a problem, but planting early in the spring when the soil is moist helps insure seedling survival. Placing logging trails across the slope reduces the hazards of trail gullying and erosion.
Slope, slow permeability in the subsoil, temporary seasonal wetness, and the possibility of frost heave are limitations for urban uses of this soil. Interceptor drains help divert runoff and subsurface seepage from foundations and septic tank absorption fields. The slow movement of water through the soil is a limitation if the soil is used for septic tank absorption fields. The surface soil is suitable for lawns and fairways. Frost action is a threat to shallow foundations and streets. Although slope is a limitation, some areas are suitable for selected recreational uses.
This Cazenovia soil is in capability subclass İlle.
Ch—Cheektowaga fine sandy loam. This is a level to nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained soil that formed in sandy sediments underlain by sediments high in clay content. The sandy mantle is 20 to 40 inches deep. This soil is in depressional areas on lake plains. Slope is 0 to 3 percent. Areas of this soil are irregular in shape and range from 5 to 150 acres or more. The larger areas generally are in the northern part of the county, but areas in the southern part are scattered and smaller.
Typically, this soil has a surface layer of black fine sandy loam 9 inches thick. The subsurface layer is mottled, gray loamy fine sand 6 inches thick. The subsoil is mottled, grayish brown and brown loamy fine sand about 11 inches thick. The upper part of the substratum is mottled, dark brown varved silty clay loam, and the lower part is mottled, reddish brown varved silty clay to a depth of 60 inches or more.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas that have a mucky very fine sandy loam surface layer resulting from large deposits of organic matter. Other major inclusions are areas where the sandy mantle is less than 20 inches thick or more than 40 inches thick. The somewhat poorly drained Cosad soils are included on a few higher benches and rises. Areas of included soils range from 1/4 acre to 3 acres.
In this Cheektowaga soil a perched water table is at or near the surface from November through June. It severely limits the rooting of many plants. Permeability is rapid in the upper sandy mantle and slow or very slow in the clayey substratum. The available water capacity is moderate, and runoff is slow. There is usually no gravel, and bedrock is at a depth of more than 5 feet. The surface layer and upper part of the subsoil are medium acid to neutral.
This soil is poorly suited to farming, unless drained. Limitations for urban uses are very serious. This soil is used for pasture, hay, or woodland. In a few drained areas it is used for truck crops and urban development. Large areas are idle.
If properly drained, this Cheektowaga soil is suited to many crops and row crops can be grown intensively. The response to tile drainage is excellent, but outlets are not always available. Using cover crops, keeping tillage to a
Erie County, New York
53
windblown deposits that are dominantly fine sand. It is in rolling areas and on side slopes of dissected landscapes on the lowland lake plain. Areas of this soil are elongated and convex and range from 3 to 25 acres.
Typically, this soil has a surface layer of dark grayish brown loamy fine sand about 7 inches thick. The subsoil extends to a depth of 60 inches. It is strong brown loamy fine sand in the upper part, yellowish brown loamy fine sand in the middle part, and pale brown fine sand in the lower part. There are thin, brown, horizontal bands in the lower part of the subsoil. The substratum is light grayish brown fine sand to a depth of about 70 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are small intermingled areas of the Elnora, Arkport, and Galen soils. The moderately well drained Elnora soils are on some foot slopes. The Arkport soils have thicker and more clayey bands in the subsoil than this Colonie soil. The Galen soils are slightly wetter and have a higher clay content than this Colonie soil. Some areas are gently sloping. Areas of included soils are 1 /4 acre to 3 acres.
Permeability throughout this Colonie soil is moderately rapid or rapid. In places the thin horizontal bands in the subsoil have slightly slower permeability. The available water capacity is low, and runoff is medium. Bedrock is at a depth of 5 feet or more. In unlimed areas, the surface layer and subsoil are strongly acid to slightly acid.
This soil has limited suitability for farming and urban uses. Most of the acreage is idle, or is used for pasture or woodland.
This sandy Colonie soil is not well suited to cultivated crops because of slope, midsummer droughtiness, and low natural fertility. Water erosion is a hazard, particularly on long slopes and where the soil is cultivated. Irrigation improves crop production, but irrigation water increases the erosion hazard. Wind erosion can also be a hazard where the vegetative cover has been removed. If cultivated crops are grown, management that builds up organic matter levels, helps maintain good tilth, and controls erosion includes keeping tillage to a minimum, using cover crops, tilling across the slope, adding animal wastes to the soil, returning crop residues to the soil, and including sod crops in the cropping system. This Colonie soil is suited to a no-till system.
Because of the very low organic matter content, droughtiness, and sandy texture, this soil is only moderately suited to pasture and hay. Some areas can be used for early-season pasture, but plant growth by midsummer is usually sparse. Overgrazing during the drier summer months can cause the loss of the pasture grasses and increases the hazard of erosion.
The potential of this soil for wood crops is fair to poor because it has low natural fertility and low available vater capacity. Seedling mortality is a major hazard because of droughtiness. Seedlings should be planted /ery early in the spring when the soil moisture content is
optimum for seedling survival. Placing logging trails across the slope reduces the erosion hazard.
Slope is a limitation for some urban uses of this soil. Droughtiness makes the establishment and maintenance of lawns difficult. Because of the moderately rapid or rapid permeability, seepage from septic tank absorption fields may contaminate ground water. Water and wind erosion can be serious problems during construction when the soil is disturbed and vegetation removed. Because this soil is loose, the sides of excavations or cuts in foot slopes tend to slough or slump. Some areas are suitable for certain recreational uses.
This Colonie soil is in capability subclass IVs.
Cv—Cosad loamy fine sand. This nearly level soil is deep and somewhat poorly drained. It formed in sandy lake-laid sediments underlain by clayey deposits. This soil is in nearly flat areas on lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Areas of this soil range from 5 to 100 acres or more and are usually irregular in shape.
Typically, this soil has a surface layer of very friable, very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand 9 inches thick. The subsoil is about 23 inches thick. It is mottled, yellowish brown loamy fine sand in the upper part; mottled, brown fine sandy loam in the middle part; and firm, mottled, brown silty clay in the lower part. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is firm, reddish brown and brown silty clay.
Included with this soil in mapping are the poorly drained and very poorly drained Cheektowaga soils in slight depressions and along some drainageways and the Claverack soils on small convex knolls. Also included, where the sandy mantle is very thin, are areas of the Odessa and Rhinebeck soils and, where the mantle thickens, areas of the Minoa soils and a wetter Lamson soil. Included wet spots, gravelly spots, and drainageways are indicated by special symbols on the soil map. Also included are some large areas where the surface layer is fine sandy loam. Areas of included soils range from 1/4 acre to 2 acres.
This Cosad soil has a perched seasonal high water table in the upper part of the subsoil from November through May, which restricts rooting depth. Permeability is rapid in the sandy surface layer and upper part of the subsoil and slow or very slow in the clayey lower part of the subsoil and the substratum. The available water capacity is low to moderate, and runoff is very slow. This soil is generally free of rock fragments. In unlimed areas, reaction ranges from strongly acid through slightly acid in the surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil.
This Cosad soil is moderately suited to farming if adequately drained. It is poorly suited to most urban uses. Some areas are used for hay and cultivated crops, but many areas that were originally cleared are now idle. Some areas are used for urban development.
Without artificial drainage, this Cosad soil is poorly suited to cultivated crops, but it is suited to common field
Physical Characteristics (Step 5)
Introduction:
In this field trip as well as in the lab we will be looking at the physical characteristics of soils, in reference to Chapter 4 in the text. These will include soil color, texture, structure, plasticity, dilatancy and toughness.
Soil Color:
The Munsell System of Color Notation is widely used to note the color of soils and is widely used in the field and in the lab. Soil color as well as other tests arc used to distinguish and identify soil horizons and arc easy to find out. The Munsell system has three components: the hue (specific color), value (lightness or darkness), and chroma (color intensity), which arc found in the Munsell book (Figure 1). The soil is held next to specific colors and a visual match is made.figure 1: Example of Munsell color book (taken from NASA website- http://soil.gsfc.nasa.gov/pvg/munscll.htm)
Structural Stability:
The aggregale stability of soils measures, quantitatively, the vulnerability of the soils to destructive forces, such as wind or water (Figure 2). Soils with more organic matter will be much more stable than soils that have been over-tilled and it is a good measure when looking to build on soils or for agricultural purposes. Three general terms are used to describe the structure of soils: granular, blocky, or platy.Soil Toughness and Plasticity, Dilatancy, and Dry Strength:
An easy test to conduct to test soils toughness is to find its plastic limit. A sample is wetted until it is soft, but not sticky and is rolled into a thread of about 3mm in diameter. This is repeated until the sample crumples. Dilatancy refers to how a soil sample responds to shaking.
Soil Texture:
Soil texture is used to distinguish the proportions of the different size of mineral particles in the soil, such as sand, silt, and clay (Table 1). This docs not include organic matter. Textures can be found using the USDA’s textural triangle (Figure 3). Of soil characteristics, texture is one of the most important. It influences many other properties of great significance to land use and management. Some terms often used to describe the various textural classes are: sandy or coarsc-textured soils (for sands and loamy sands); loamy or medium-textured soils (for sandy loams, loam, silt, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silly clay loam); and clayey or fine textured soils (for sandy clay, silty clay, and clay). Remember loam soils arc referred to as a mixture of equal amounts of sand and silt with no more than 25% clay.
Table 1. Size limits (diameter in millimeters) of soil separates in the USDA soil textural classification system.
Name of soil separate
Very coarse sand* Coarse sand
Medium sand
Fine sand
Very fine sand
Silt
Clay
Diameter limits (mm)
2. 00 – 1.00
3. 00-0.50
4. 50 – 0.25
5. 25-0.10
6. 10-0.05
7. 05 – 0.002
less than 0.002
* Note that the sand separate is split into five sizes (very coarse sand, coarse sand, etc.). The size range for sands, considered broadly, comprises the entire range from very coarse sand to very fine sand, i.e., 2.00-0.05 mm.Figure 3: USDA’s textural triangle.
Soil Structure: it is determined by how individual soil grains clump or hold together and aggregate. Noting the structure of soils is important since it affects the porosity of the soils. Dense structure will reduce the amount of air and water that can move through the soil as well as how plant roots will penetrate the substrate. Figure 2 shows the 3 basic types of soil structure.
Method: Looking at the soil sample, note its structure visually. Keep in mind the following (Figure below from USDA NRCS Lab Manual): Platy structures are Halliko and are generally oriented horizontally; Blocky structures are block-like and arc described as angular-blocky if the particles are relatively sharp angles; subangular blocky if the particles are a mixture of rounded and angular; or all panicles are rounded. Granular structures look very similar to ‘cookie crumbs’ and have good porosity. Look at the example in the next page and write the structure of your soil in the working sheet.
Examples of Soil Structure Types(Continuous. unconschaalea mass)
Soil Dilatancy, Plasticity and Toughness, and Dry strength (Use table 2 in the next page for next 3 procedures)
Dilatancy test:
1. Take a small sample of soil and add enough water to make the sample soft, but not sticky
2. Make a pat of the sample, put it in the palm of your hand, and shake horizontally, striking vigorously against the other hand several times.
3. Note if water accumulates of the surface of the sample
4. Now, squeeze the sample between your fingers. The water disappears from the surface, and it cracks or crumbles. The rapidity of appearance of the water during shaking, and the disappearance during squeezing assist in the identifying the character of the fines in the soil sample.
5. Write “slow to rapid”, “none to slow”, or “none” on your working sheet.
Dry Strength:
1. Take 3 soil natural lumps (about l/4in in diameter) directly from the sample bucket (do not add water). The natural lumps will usually have lower strength than molded material.
2. Crush the dry lumps and describe their strength as follows:
• None- sample crumbles into powder with the pressure of handling
• Low- sample crumbles into powder with finger pressure
• Medium- sample breaks into pieces or crumbles into powder with considerable finger pressure
• High- the sample cannot be broken down with finger pressure, but can be broken between the thumb and a hard surface
• Very high- sample cannot be broken between the thumb and a hard surface
3. Record your observation based on table 2.
Table 2: Toughness; Dilatancy; Dry Strength (from USDA NRCS)
Dilatancy Toughness –y- ———
Dry Strength Group Name Group Symbol
Slow to rapid Non-Plastic or low None to low Silt ML
None to slow low to med. low to med elastic silt MH
None to slow medium med to high lean clay CL
None high high to very high fat clay CH
Plasticity Test
1. Add water to the soil sample, if needed, to a soft consistency.
2. Shape the soil into an elongated shape and roll either between your hands or on a hard surface into a thread of about 3mm in diameter
3. Fold the thread and reroll it until the thread crumbles at a diameter of 3mm. At this point, the soil has reached its plastic limit.
Keep in mind the pressure required to roll the thread and the strength of the thread. Describe the toughness of the thread as follows:
• Low: slight pressure required to roll the thread to its plastic limit.
• Medium: more pressure is needed than low.
• High: considerable pressure is needed to roll the thread to its plastic limit and will be very stiff.
• the thread cannot be rolled, the soil is non-plastic.
Soil texture: One of the most important soil physical properties is texture and refers to the way a soil ‘feels’. There arc three basic textures:
1. sand-are the largest particles and feel ‘gritty’
2. silt-are medium sized particles and feel soft or ‘floury’
3. clay smallest particles and feel ‘sticky’ and are hard to squeeze.
Sec next page and conduct the ‘feel method’ test and record your findings.
Determining Soil Texture by the “Feel Method
= CoatSH
= Moderately Coas*
• Medium
• Fin*
Add dry sal to soak up water.
Texture Classification
C
MG
MPlace approximately crie tablespoon of sal in palm Add water a drop «il a tune and knead Ow sal to break down ail aggregates. Soil is at th* proper consistency wtien plastic and mehile. Ike moist putty.
NO r~ ,……………/^> YEs’f?
Does soil remain m a bail when squeezed? Is the sal to dry?
YES
Place b.ill of soil between thumb and forefinger. gently pushing the soil with th* thumb working it upward mtn a ribbon Fam a ribbon of uniform thickness and width. Allow the ribben to emerge and extend over the forefinger, breaking from its own weight.
=>
MO 0-10% •• SAND cSand Part»: le size should be estfrnated »very fine. fine, medun. coarse) for these textures MMduol çrakts of ver/ fine sand are not visible without magnification an-J there is a gritty feeling Io a very small sample ground between the teeth. Sane fine sarvi policies may be just visible Medium sand parödes are easty visible. Examples cf sand size descriptif where cne size is predominant are; very fine sand. fine servi/ loam, loamy coarse sand
Cay percentage range.
Modified from: Thlen. Stoven J.. Kansas state University. 1979 Jour. Agronomy education.
Figure 4: From the North Dakota Department of HealthGOOD RIBBON
MORE THAN 2 INCHES LONGPedon Description (Part 6)
1 USDA-NRCS PEDON DESCRIPTION Pedon ID # : Mi Draft Mar-02 ■*
Series or Component Name: Map Unit Symbol: Photo#: Classification: Soil Moist. Regime (Tax.):
Describer(s): Date: Weather Temp.: Air: Latitude: o a “N Datum: Location:
Soil: Depth: Longitude: o • ” w Sec. T. R.
UTM: Zone: mE: mN: Topo Quad.: Site ID: YR: State: County: Pedon #: Soil Survey Area: MLRA / LRU: Transect: ID:
Stop #.• Interval.
Landscape Landform: Microfeature: Anthro: Elevation: Aspect: Slope (%): Slope Complexity: Slope Shape: (Up & Dn/Across)
Hillslope Profile Position: Geom, Component; Microrelief: Physio. Division: Physio. Province: Physio. Section: State Physio. Area: Local Physio. Area:
Drainage: Flooding: Ponding: Soil Moisture Status: Permeability: Land Cover / Use:
Ksat:
Parent Material: Bedrock: Kind: Fract.: Hard.: Depth: Lithostrat. Units: Group: Formation: Member:
Erosion: Kind: Degree: Runoff: Surface Frag %: GR: CB: ST: BD: CN: FL: Diagnostic Horz. / Prop.: Kind: Depth:
Kind:
P.S. Control Section: Ave. Clay %: Ave. Rock Frag %:
Depth Range:
VEGETATION : ■ MISCELLANEOUS FIELD 1 NOTES / SKETCH :
SYMBOL COMMON NAME %GD COVERI
I
: :
:: :
–
: •
—I.L.
…………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. I i
Component Name: Map Unit Symbol: |
Obser.
Method Depth
(in) (cm) Horizon Bnd Matrix Color Texture Rock Frag
Knd % Rnd Sz Structure
Grade Sz Type Consistence
Dry Mst Stk Pls Mottles
% Sz Cont. Col Mst Shp Lc
Dry Moist
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Redoximorphic Features % Sz Cn Hd Sp Kd Loc Bd Col Concentrations
% Sz Cn Hd Sp Kd Loc Bd Col Ped / V. Surface Features % DstContKd Loc Col Roots
Qty Sz Loc Pores
Qty Sz Shp pH Effer. Clay CCE (meth) (agent) % Notes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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